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1. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Vitaliy Nechiporenko
Vitaliy Nechiporenko
Editorial
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філософія григорія сковороди: історія і сучасність the philosophy of grigorii skovoroda: history and modernity

2. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Serhii Yosypenko
Serhii Yosypenko
Foreword
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3. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Анатолій Єрмоленко Orcid-ID
Anatoliy Yermolenko
The Practical Philosophy of Hryhorii Skovoroda in the Light of Our Experience
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The article deals with the practical philosophy of Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda from the point of view of the leading trends of modern philosophical thought: the «rehabilitation of practical philosophy » and the communicative turn in philosophy, the components of which are the neo-Socratic dialogue, the philosophy of communication, and the ethics of discourse. The interpretation of Skovoroda’s philosophy is carried out not only in accordance with the principle «know yourself» as a method of knowledge, but primarily in the dimension of the Socratic dialogue, when the me thods of morals and elenctics are used in the joint search for truth, solving moral problems. The dialogic nature of Skovoroda’s method consists in searching for the truth together with other people through argumentation, the truth that also appears as a moral category. The article shows the actualization of Skovoroda’s philosophy in the pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern periods of the study of his work in independent Ukraine. The main thesis of the work consists in the statement that Skovoroda did not reduce philosophy to life, but raised life itself to philosophy. Philosophy was his life — a practical philosophy of life that formed his dialogical habitus. Socratic dialogue appears in philosophy, in everyday practices of communication with people, in particular, in the itinerant habitus of the thinker. Traveling is an important element of his philosophy, his life, and his habitus. The itinerant nature of Skovoroda’s habitus takes his dialogues beyond epistemology, transferring the dialogue to a practical, or rather, moral-practical plane. Skovoroda as an educator, relying on the habitus of Ukrainian culture and dialogic practices, transcends this habitus, elevating it to the habitus of reason. The work asserts the opinion about the need and necessity to develop and practice neo-skovorodinian dialogue as a component of the worldwide trend of development of dialogic practical philosophy and dialogic civilization. The article shows not only the significance of Skovoroda’s philosophy as a historical-philosophical phenomenon, but also its role in modern philosophical research in Ukraine, as well as the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people in the fight against Russia’s aggressive policy.
4. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Сергій Йосипенко Orcid-ID
Serhii Yosypenko
Skovoroda, Kovalynskyi and Mingard
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The article is devoted to the circumstances of Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s use of the pseudonym «Daniil Meingard» and the role played by Mykhailo Kovalynskyi in Skovoroda’s adoption of this pseudonym. The article reconstructs the biography of Pastor Daniel Mingard, whose name was adopted by Skovoroda, including refuted false information about him, widespread in Ukrainian-language literature; a brief description of the intellectual biography of his son, Pastor Gabriel Mingard, who, unlike his father, was a notable figure in the intellectual life of the country of Vaud in the second half of the 18th century, in particular, one of the most original authors of the «Encyclopedia of Yverdon» — a liberal Protestant response to the «Encyclopedia» of Diderot and d’Alembert. The article states that the description of Daniel Mingard, which Kovalynskyi gives in «The Life of Hrygorii Skovoroda» in order to explain the origin of the pseudonym Sko voroda, corresponds more to Gabriel than to Daniel Mingard. The explanation of this ambiguity is based on the hypothesis that Kovalynskyi, choosing Gabriel Mingard as an example to follow, projects the Mingard son-father relationship onto his relationship with Skovoroda. This hypothesis gives reason to reconsider the role of Kovalynskyi in the life of Skovoroda and in the formation of the image of the philosopher in «The Life of Hryhorii Skovoroda». The article reconstructs Kovalynskyi’s circle of reading and demonstrates that his literary preferences correspond to the leading trends of reception by Russian Freemasonry in the last third of the 18th century. Western, primarily liberal Protestant literature. This reconstruction gives reason to draw a parallel between Skovoroda’s opinion and Kovalynskyi’s reading circle, in the context of which the latter evaluates Skovoroda’s life and philosophy; they are related by devotion to religious and intellectual freedom, eclecticism, as well as numerous subjects that we consider purely Skovoroda’s subjects: self-knowledge, the inner man, the goodness of God, happiness, friendship, etc.
5. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Роланд Піч
Roland Pietsch
Study of the Heritage of Hryhorii Skovoroda in Germany. A brief overview
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The article analyzes the main directions and cases of research and reception of the creative heritage of Hryhorii Skovoroda in Germany. Even though Dmytro Chyzhevskyi introduced German scientists to Skovoroda’s work back in the 1930s, its actual reception, according to the author, began only in the 1980s. The article analyzes the research of three authors who carry out such a reception today. First, Elizabeth von Erdmann examines Skovoroda’s work in the context of philosophia perennis. Instead, Roland Pietsch began his study of Skovoroda’s work by translating his works into German and later focused on demonstrating the unity of mysticism and metaphysics in Skovoroda’s philosophy, according to how this unity was ensured in his doctrine of self- knowledge. Pietsch demon strated this unity in his interpretation of the Narcissus dialogue. Another essential aspect of Skovoroda’s work, explored by Pietsch, is the philosopher’s symbolic metaphysics. Pietsch’s latest works are devoted to another important issue — establishing Skovoroda’s place in European intellectual history, in particular, based on a comparative analysis of the concepts of Hryhorii Sko voroda, Johann Georg Hamann, and Franz von Baa der. Another German researcher who studies Skovoroda’s work today is Slavologist and theologian Günter Kollert, who has been engaged in the philosophy of Skovoroda and Pamfil Yurkevich for several years and has translated the works of Skovoroda and Mykhailo Ko valyn skyi into German. The author of the article concludes that new interesting independent studies of Sko vo roda’s work will appear in Germany, which will make it possible to more accurately define Skovoroda’s place in the historical-philosophical process, to think more profoundly and describe this process, as well as to pave the way to possible abandonings and comparisons of Ukrainian works thinker with other famous figures in the history of philosophical thought.
6. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Денис Пилипович Orcid-ID
Denys Pilipowicz
Oeuvre of Grigorii Skovoroda in Polish Scientific Thought
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The article is devoted to present Polish research on the literary work and philosophical thought of Hryhorii Skovoroda. The scientific reflection on Skovoroda’s legacy was initially carried out on the historical and literary level. It was initiated by Adam Honory Kirkor in 1874. In the context of the history of Ukrainian literature, Józef Tretiak, Ivan Franko and Bohdan Lepkyi presented the general characteristics of Skovoroda’s work, seeing in it only the original style and compilation character of thoughts. Ivan Mirtchuk started his research on Skovoroda’s thoughts from the history of national philosophy, seeing in Skovoroda’s philosophy the features characteristic of Ukrainian philosophy, differing it fundamentally from Russian philosophy. As part of the research, it was possible to find an extensive article by Jarosław Ulwański, Philosophy of G.S. Sko voroda, published in 1930, in which the author presented arguments for a pantheistic interpretation of the Ukrainian philosopher’s thoughts. A breakthrough event was the publication of a monograph by Dmytro Tschižewskij, who formulated a view on the mystical philosophy of Skovoroda similar to the Western European mysticism of the 17th and 18th centuries. The interwar period ends with the work of Czesław Jastrzębiec-Kozłowski, in which the work of Sko voroda was analyzed against the background of Józef Hoene-Wronski’s messianic philosophy. After World War II and the 1990s, research on Skovoroda’s legacy was conducted primarily by philologists. Ryszard Łużny and Włodzimierz Mokry treated Skovoroda’s work as a Christian philosopher. In the 21st century, Polish research increasingly refers to philosophical interpretation. De nys Pilipowicz researched the ancient and patristic sources of Skovoroda’s mystical thought and compared it with the teachings of Paisij Velyczkovskyi. Iryna Betko analyzed his poetry from the perspective of Jung’s theory of archetypes. Michał Handzel conducted an in-depth historical and philosophical analysis of Skovoroda’s philosophy, seeing Skovoroda as a representative of the panentheistic trend, and Pavlo Snopkov examined the concept of Skovoroda’s self-knowledge from the perspective of Jung’s and Maslow’s psychological theories.
7. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
В’ячеслав Артюх Orcid-ID
Vyacheslav Artiukh
National Images of Hryhorii Skovoroda
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Within the article the attempt is made to study the perception of the XVIII century philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda’s image and its philosophy through the prism of the later national identities. The fact is stressed that the statement of the issue concerning the Hryhorii Skovoroda’s image Ukrainization and the history of its solution turns out to be the consequence of the process of establishing the Ukrainian modern self-identity which started in the ХІХ century. The situation is emphasized that within “all-Russian” identity one can come across its three variations: Skovoroda is a “Russian” (meaning “all-Russian”); Skovoroda is a “Malorussian” (meaning a representative of a regional variant of a “Russian” identity) and Skovoroda is a “Ukrainian” (meaning a native from the land that is called Ukraine). At the end of the ХІХ century Skovoroda’s image was interpreted within Ukrainian personal identity. The conclusion is made that during ХІХ—ХХ centuries and even nowadays two national identities for Skovoroda’s personality remain relevant: Ukrainian and Russian. The Russian one is a result of the XVIII—XIX centuries “all-Russian” syncretism state being transferred into the modern particular Russian national self-identity. The process of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s image Ukrainization (in other words its extraction from the “all-Russian” context) developed through several stages. At the beginning of the ХІХ century he was “Ukrainian” because he had a Ukrainian territorial identity and was related to Slobidska-Ukrainian province. Later he became “Ukrainian” because he represented “simple” Ukrainian people. Finally he is “Ukrainian” because he belongs to the Ukrainian ethnic nation and therefore his philosophy belongs to Ukrainian philosophical culture.

продовження теми: філософські дискурси війни continuation of the topic: philosophical discourses of war

8. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
War as a Socio-Cultural Phenomenon. Part 2.
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Round Table Discussion of “Philosophical Thought” (Nechyporenko, V. (moderator), Kozachynska, V., Aristova, A., Pavlenko, P., Kokhan, Ya., Buchma, O., Sytnychenko, L., Loznytsia, S., Nedavnya, O., Dobronosova, Yu., Volkovskyi, V., Kulagina-Stadnichenko, G., Smorzhevska, O., Bondaruk, T.)
9. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Олег Білий Orcid-ID
Oleh Bilyi
Attack on Identity. (Russian Culture as an Existential Threat to Ukraine)
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The article deals with the role of Russian culture in the period of the RF war against Ukraine. The history is considered as the basic structure that shapes the discursive foundation of identity. Historical narratives as well as the cultural background of imperial identity and risks of the full scale representation of Russian culture in the Ukrainian social consciousness are analyzed. The two tendencies are also comprehended — junk science foundation of geopolitical projects and devaluation of the historically formed senses. So the communicative action is penetrated by the strategic action bazed on the false reality fundament, this significant element of the war of the world. The vi vid example of junk science is the neoeurasian ideology, that defines the strategy of Kremlin informational attack on the Ukrainian identity. Standoff between the identities takes place in the course of the imperial mobilization project development. The symbiosis of governmental authorities and artists plays the key role in its realization. The author outlines the main features of the strategic effect of penetration into the core of communicative process and the false reality building. Also the author develops the thought that the heartbreaking and impetuous change of contradictory narratives are the one of the fundamental resources of information war. In particular it deals with the great Russian Simulacrum as the vivid example of the instrumental reason that is in the base of the information war against Ukraine. It is also defined the historical origin of the simulacra as the instrument of the Russian special services and the role of their partners — the iconic figures of the Russian literature — in the projects of the public opinion manipulation.
10. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 4
Philosophers of the World in Solidarity with Ukraine (Part 2.)
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11. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Vitaliy Nechiporenko
Vitaliy Nechiporenko
Ediorial
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філософські дискурси війни philosophical discourses of war

12. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
War as a Sociocultural Phenomenon
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Round Table Discussion of “Philosophical Thought” (Yermolenko, A. (moderator), Nechyporenko, V., Ho lovakha, E., Kyrychok, O., Maiboroda, O., Bystrytskyi, E., Karpitskyi, M., Zagorodniuk, V.,Fadeev, V., Hardashuk, T., Stegnii, O., Sagan, O., Tsymbal, T., Khamitov, N., Filipovych, L.,Horkusha, O., Bily, O., Omelyanchyk, V., Gomilko, O.
13. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Анатолій Єрмоленко Orcid-ID
Anatoliy Yermolenko
Resistance Instead Negotiations
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14. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Євген Бистрицький, Orcid-ID Людмила Ситніченко Orcid-ID
Yevhen Bystrytsky
Philosophy and Discource of War: Conflict of Worlds as the Limit of Juren Habermas’s Communicative Theory
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The article is a philosophical response to the op-ed of the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas Krieg und Empörung, published by him in the Süddeutsche Zeitung in April 2022. The op-ed demonstrates the philosopher’s view on ideological disputes and political debates or “indignation” (Empörung) in public sphere in both Germany and the EU concerning an attempt to develop a unanimous policy to help Ukraine with weapons against Russia’s military aggression. The authors presume that Habermas published the accountable message of a responsible citizen that means it should be also taken as based on his theoretical achievements. The article consists of two parts. The first part sets out the main arguments of the philosopher’s newspaper article, which ends with a recommendation of compromise and partnership negotiations with the aggressor de facto due to the losses of Ukraine. The second part is an attempt by the authors to clarify the main preconditions and premises of Habermas’s communicative philosophy, which demonstrate the fundamental limitation of its explanatory power for this type of radical dissent, which is war. First of all, the authors suggest, it is the idea of pacification in interethnic relations, which forms the intellectual mood after World War II and finds its philosophical expression in the discovery of a priori foundations of understanding (Apel, Habermas) and ideas of developing formal pragmatics of communication. Attention to the latter allows the authors to demonstrate how consistent analysis of a priori (counterfactual) conditions of communication is considered by Habermas primarily in the historical perspective of positive dimensions of social integration - democratic equality, freedom, justice for participants of communicative interaction. The article concludes with a detailed analysis of the significance of the concept “lifeworld” as one of the central concepts within communicative theory and an analogue of “form of life” and “culture”. The authors argue the idea of perspective creating a common lifeworld for all in the processes of communication is fundamental to the works of the philosopher. The article concludes that the regulative idea of the single world as a basic ontological assumption of communicative theory does limit its explanatory capacity in terms of a war situation as a clash of different cultural worlds.
15. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Сергій Йосипенко Orcid-ID
Serhii Yosypenko
The Long Twentieth Century?
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The paper describes the historical and intellectual foundations on which the European political system was built after the Second World War; this system pursued the goal to prevent any war in Europe, but proved unable to prevent the russian-Ukrainian war. The paper shows that this system was built not only because of the trauma of the First and Second World Wars, but also in accordance with the liberal attitude to war, which M. Vatter called «war with “war”»; at the same time, such a clear attitude does not refer to real wars, but to an imaginary «war of all against all». Based on the analysis of the principles and results of the research project “War and Society” under the direction of J. Baechler, the author outlines the principles of liberal Realpolitik as the implementation of the mentioned attitude in the realm of wars: it consists in their rationalization both at the level of goals and at the level of means of warfare; such a rationalization finally makes war irrational and unacceptable. From the point of view of such Realpolitik, war is only an extraordinary means of politics, and the russian-Ukrainian war is only an excess of violence, while in the opinion of the author, it is an inevitable consequence of the irrational and violent russian-Ukrainian extrapolitical conflict, whose stakes is the existence self of Ukraine. The author believes that one of the reasons for the inability of the European political system to prevent the russian-Ukrainian war is the belief that with the end of the Cold War, the “century of total war” in Europe also ended, and that the economic and cultural integration of post-communist countries into the European space makes such conflicts impossible. The author refers to the description of the own logic of wars of the 20th century, proposed in R. Aron’s book «The century of total war», and suggests considering the russian-Ukrainian war as a continuation of these wars. In the perspective proposed by R. Aron, the mentioned «century of total war» can be considered as a «long 20th century», which continues to this day.
16. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Євген Мулярчук Orcid-ID
Yevhen Muliarchuk
Hatred as a Moral Feeling in the War Time
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of hatred in philosophic, psychological, and ethical aspects, and of its motivating role during the war. Explicating the philosophical understanding of hatred, the author analyzes the “Treatise of Human Nature” by Hume and explains the structure of hatred as the unity of the elements “cause-object-end” as well as the role of empathy in their genesis. In the article, the author proves that hatred as a passion is not a human instinct or only an emotion, while having an intention towards the understanding of another person and ethical evaluation of his or her motives and actions. The author analyzes the psychological structure of hatred as a durable complex of negative attitudes, motives, emotions, and dis positions of a person formed in individual and social existence. The multilevel way of experience and content of hatred explicated by the range from simple negation of other beings to the expression of moral judgement and demand of the retribution of hurt and struggle against evil. The author analyzes the concept of hatred by R. and K. Sternberg as a negation of intimacy of the other combined with various emotions and commitments of a person to act. Based on that, the article discusses the possibilities of the acquisition of ethical content by hatred and analyzes the typology of hatred by J. Gee (simple hatred, prejudicial hatred, malice and spite, retributive hatred, and moral hatred). The author of the article argues that the higher forms of conscious and controlled hatred possess rational components and moral content. The author concludes that the retributive hatred as a reactive moral attitude towards the blame of the wrongdoer and the demand of holding him responsible is an appropriate form of motivation for the resistance during the war and the establishment of peace. This kind of hatred plays a legitimate role in a mature person’s moral life and can be ethically justified.
17. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Отфрид Гьоффе
Otfried Höffe
Why does Peace Still Prevail?
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The most influential thinker of the Age of Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant, is the author of the treatise on war and peace, “To Eternal Peace”, which is still unsurpassed in the realm of political and legal philosophy. Even today, this work helps to better understand the problem of the current war, as well as to answer the radical question: why should there be peace between people, and not war? Based on the thoughts of Kant, who builds his theory of peace primarily on reasonable, “reciprocal” egoism, the author of the essay makes the following conclusions in response to this Kant’s question. First, war not only destroys people’s well-being. It does violate justice. Secondly, the state, as an institution characterized by sovereignty, does not belong to anyone. Therefore, no one, like the president of Russia as of today, can demand, as he is doing, from the president of Ukraine to hand over the country or some part of it to him. Third, authoritarian states like Russia must allow their people what is called democracy. Namely, to recognize basic human rights in combination with the separation of public powers so that citizens could be able to act and work without intimidation and corruption.
18. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Наталія Вяткіна Orcid-ID
Natalia Viatkina
The Reality of Information Weapons
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19. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Світлана Стоян Orcid-ID
Svitlana Stoian
Art and War: Specific Artistic Transformations
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20. Filosofska Dumka: Volume > 2022 > Issue: 3
Наталія Кривда Orcid-ID
Natalia Kryvda
War and Ukrainian Culture: Missionaryness and Networking in the Structure of Horizontal Connections
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