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101. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Сергій Секундант Orcid-ID
Sergii Secundan
Wolf and Eclecticism: From the Concept of an Open System to Systematic Intelligence
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The paper provides a comparative analysis of the programs of reforms of philosophy developed by Christian Wolff and the members of the Eclecticist school. It reveals the critical foundations of the concepts of the system by both schools and assesses the prospects of their further development. Although Wolff is often inconsistent, he is nevertheless closer to Descartes and Leibniz, and therefore to the Platonic tradition. The Eclecticists, on the other hand, are closer to the Peripatetic tradition, and therefore to empiricism. From the point of view of the history of philosophical methodology, Wolff’s program combines Cartesianism and the German tradition of methodical thinking (J. Jung, E. Weigel and Leibniz), which both were oriented towards mathematics. The Eclecticists, on the other hand, used the dialectical model, which they modernized by introducing the principle of historicism and applying it to the history of philosophy. When the program of the Eclecticists was guided by the critical selection of knowledge by members of the "scientific community" and the concept of an open system, Wolff’s synthesis of knowledge is carried out on the basis of a rigorous method. He puts forward a fundamentally new idea of a universal system based on new normative requirements for the system-forming principle - it must be fundamental, generally valid and immanent in the system of knowledge. Wolff does not reject the critical program of the Eclecticists; he tries to prove that the successful implementation of their program is possible only if there is a basic system of truths and a reliable method. In his treatise On the Difference Between Systematic and Non-systematic Intellect, Wolff laid the foundation of “systematic eclecticism” and “speculative criticism”, which was substantiated in the works by "classics of German idealism", primarily by C. L. Reinhold and Hegel.
102. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Анастасія Стрелкова Orcid-ID
Anastasia Strelkova
Three Concepts of Buddhist Philosophy: «Thought», «Mind», «Consciousness» (the problem of translation)
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This paper analyses the three main concepts of Buddhist philosophy of consciousness and considers the problem of their translation into Ukrainian. The author shows that it is necessary to compare the terms related to different Buddhist traditions’ (Pali, Sanskrit, Chinese and al.) in order to adequately translate them into modern languages. The analysis of a passage (II.34) from Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa in various translations points out the necessity to translate a whole system of Buddhist terminology, but not the separate terms taken individually, in order to avoid the incompatibility of translated terms with each other.
103. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Ruta Marija Vabalaite Orcid-ID
Рута Марія Вабалайте
Між локальністю і глобальністю: проблеми історії філософії в Литві
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The article deals with the problem of the local and global significance of Lithuanian philosophy. We discuss questions related to the meaning of the very concept of Lithuanian philosophy and evaluation of its scope. A controversy whether to cover all philosophical works written in the territories of historical Lithuania or to include only the works of ethnic Lithuanians (or at least the works written in Lithuanian) is talked over. The problem of the priorities in determining the relevant sources of the history of philosophy in Lithuania is described by pointing to the complexity of an assessment as the importance of the text for the development of Lithuanian self-awareness or its social significance scarcely coincide with its impact on global philosophy. The question of the priority of the texts written in the national language versus the translations of the main heritage of Western philosophy is addressed. We proceed further with a description of the works and the authors related to Lithuania and at the same time relevant to the philosophy of Europe, or at least neighbouring countries. The characteristics of the creative opposition between Protestant and Counter-Reformation thinkers is given. Martinus Smiglecius book on Logics and the main figures in the reception of German classical philosophy are discussed. Finally, the philosophical aspects of Litvak Judaism and their research are referred to.

reviews

104. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Павло Бартусяк Orcid-ID
Pavlo Bartusiak
Deleuze’s Stoicism. Jonhson, R. J. (2020). Deleuze, a Stoic. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
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105. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Юрій Завгородній Orcid-ID
Yurii Zavhorodnii
Classical Indian Philosophy in the Oxford series "History of Philosophy without any Gaps"
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106. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Ігор Карівець Orcid-ID
Ihor Karivets
Deconstruction and Reconstruction of the Dhyāna Concept: Strategies and Perspectives
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107. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Олександр Корнієнко Orcid-ID
Olexandr Kornienko
In Search of Identity (Historical and Philosophical Analysis of Arab Thought)
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108. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Олег Хома Orcid-ID
Oleg Khoma
"Aristocratic Metaphysics" and Stereotypes
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academic life academic life

109. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Віктор Козловський, Orcid-ID Ілля Давіденко, Orcid-ID Катерина Круглик, Orcid-ID Дар'я Попіль
Viktor Kozlovskyi
Hegel and Ukrainian Philosophy of the 70-80th. Part IІI
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Interview of Illia Davidenko, Kateryna Kruhlyk, Daria Popil with Viktor Kozlovskyi.
110. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Анатолій Лой, Orcid-ID Ілля Давіденко, Orcid-ID Ксенія Мирошник, Orcid-ID Дар’я Попіль Orcid-ID
Anatoly Loy
The Mind behind the Iron Curtain: Ukrainian Philosophy of the Late USSR and World Science
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Interview of Illia Davidenko, Kseniia Myroshnyk, Daria Popil with Anatoly Loy.
111. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 2
Марія Кравчик Orcid-ID
Maria Kravchyk
First Session of a New Seminar on the History of Modern pPilosophy
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Report on the first session of the seminar “Philosophia perennis” (“Evolution of the concept of consciousness in modern philosophy”), organized by the journal Sententiae in collaboration with the Union of Researchers of Modern Philosophy (Pascal Society) and the Kant Society of Ukraine (August 10 -12, 2021, Odesa).

articles articles

112. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Олександр Киричок Orcid-ID
Oleksandr Kyrychok
“Philosopher” and “Philosophy” in Kyivan Rus’ Written Sources of the 11-14th centuries
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The author justifies the need to return to an analysis of the meaning of such words as “philosophy” and “philosopher” in the Kyivan Rus’ written sources of the 11th–14th centuries. This is explained not only by the inaccuracies the earlier research committed but also by the necessity to take contemporary achievements of Byzantine philosophical historiography into account. The author concludes that the preserved Kyivan Rus’ written sources reflect certain Byzantine interpretations of the words “philosopher” and “philosophy” as understood within particular interpre-tive frameworks: philosophy may refer to a specifically “Christian” or “external” philosophy, presup-pose rational or mystical comprehension of divine wisdom, become verbalized or not. Some sources probably espouse an understanding of philosophy as a practice of true life. The word “philosopher” had different connotations, as well. It referred to advisers or officeholders at the court of the Byzantine emperor, wise princes, church intellectuals, connoisseurs of biblical books, etc. The author invalidates the idea that in Kyivan Rus’, there existed a holistic understanding of philosophy and philosophers. Instead, one should interpret these words as having a limited plurality of meanings.
113. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Dmytro Sepetyi Orcid-ID
Дмитро Сепетий
Проблема психофізичної взаємодії та каузальний принцип Третьої Медитації Декарта
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This article analyzes recent English publications in Cartesian studies that deal with two problems: (1) the problem of the intrinsic coherence of Descartes’s doctrine of the real distinction and interaction between mind and body and (2) the problem of the consistency of this doctrine with the causal principle formulated in the Third Meditation. The principle at issue is alternatively interpreted by different Cartesian scholars either as the Hierarchy Principle, that the cause should be at least as perfect as its effects, or the Containment Principle, that the cause should contain all there is in its effects. The author argues that Descartes’s claim (in his argument against the scholastic doctrine of substantial forms) that it is inconceivable how things of different natures can interact does not conflict with the acknowledgement of interaction between things of different natures in the case of soul and body. The case is made that Cartesian mind-body interaction can agree with both the Hierarchy Principle and the Containment Principle, because the Principle is about total and efficient cause, whereas in the interaction, mental and brain states are only partial (and plausibly, in the case of brains states, occasional) causes. In particular, in the case of the causality in the brain-to-mind direction, the mind is conditioned by brain states to form the corresponding specific ideas on the basis of its innate general ideas of movements, forms, colours, etc. Eventually, for Descartes, the most natural way to deal with worries about the possibility of mind-brain interaction is to rely on God’s omnipotence, which certainly enables Him to arrange for such interaction.
114. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Сергій Секундант Orcid-ID
Sergii Secundant
Leibniz and Wolf: Critical Foundations of the Idea of Scientific Revolution in Philosophy
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This article reveals the critical content of the idea of scientific revolution in Wolff's philosophy and shows Leibniz's contribution to its formation. Although Wolff's goal was to reform the method of philosophizing on the model of Euclid's geometry, which was based on the Cartesian idea of achieving certainty by clarifying concepts, the clarification that Wolff (in the sense of Leibniz) sees in such an analysis of concepts establishes a connection between them and show the possibility of the object expressed by each concept. Wolff sees the critical meaning of his method in the fact that by analyzing the concepts to link all concepts and statements into a single system, which was based on consistent grounds and would not contain unproven propositions. This would, according to Wolf, remove from philosophy all the con-cepts, the objects of which were not possible, and statements that could not be proved. Leibniz's idea of concept analysis also formed the basis of his notion of philosophy as the science of the possible. The critical meaning of this concept of philosophy in Wolff, as in Leibniz, was to limit the subject of philosophy only to the realm of the possible. Although the main critical ideas underlying Wolff's philosophical system were formulated by Leibniz, Wolf's system was still the fruit of his own genius. Many of his critical ideas were groundbreaking and had a marked influence on the further development of philosophy. These include the requirement to preface the construction of a system of philosophy with research into the cognitive abilities of the human mind. However, his attempts to build a universal system of knowledge led to the leveling of the critical content of some of Leibniz's demands, which led to the accusation against him, and Leibniz, of atheism and fatalism.

discussions discussion

115. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Віктор Чорний Orcid-ID
Victor Chorny
"Presence" in the Broad Present
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This review of the Ukrainian translation of H. U. Gumbrecht’s best-known work brings out the strengths and weaknesses of the translation and the peculiar reception of Gumbrecht’s key ideas (“presence” and “the broad present”) in Ukraine. It also critically assesses Gumbrecht’s own original and often contradictory points. I question the relevance of Gumrecht’s meaning / presence distinction for reconstructing the history of the philosophical tradition, as well as for analysing our complex relation to the world. I also demonstrate the weakness of his biased attempts to paint his opponents as relativists. Besides, I contrast Gumbrecht’s meaning / presence dualism with John Dewey’s theory of experience. The latter conceives experience as a dialectical relation between “doing” and “undergoing”. This juxtaposition shows that Gumbrecht’s theory cannot give a satisfactory account of the mechanisms of everyday or aesthetic experience due to its lack of consistent “everyday” epistemology. Moreover, his vague concept of “presence” and its unequivocal appraisal conflict with his own concept of the chronotope of “broad” or “complex” present, as presented in the selected essays of The Time Is Out of Joint. Eventually, I conclude that Gumbrecht’s eclectic terminological apparatus, as well as uncritical and biased reconstruction of the tradition preclude any serious philosophical engagement. However, it does not undermine the significance of his particular insights and theoretical instruments (such as “the broad present”) for cultural analysis.
116. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Юрій Чорноморець Orcid-ID
Yuriy Chornomorets
New Attempts to Revive Ukrainian neo-Thomism through Inspiration-by-translations
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One of the unsolved problems for the historical and philosophical thought of Ukraine is the lack of reflection on the phenomenon of Ukrainian neo-Thomism. Today, there has not been reconstructed the history of this trend, which had been actively developing in the interwar Western Ukraine since the time of socio-ethical letters by Andrei Sheptytsky in the early XX century, gained new connotations in the diaspora from 1940s to 1990s, and acquired new forms in Roman Catholic thought in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover, a comprehensive historical and philosophical assessment of the achievements and shortcomings of Ukrainian neo-Thomism at different stages of its development has not been made. Meanwhile, Ukrainian neo-Thomism is experiencing a crisis, which it is trying to overcome by translating controversial works devoted mainly to the history of moral theology. The main feature of the proposed works is the oscillation between the need to recognize the presence of a person’s spiritual-intellectual and moral-volitional intuitions and the reluctance to recognize it openly, because it would be contrary to the very principles of Thomism. Modern Ukrainian neo-Thomism inherits this contradiction, and therefore the choice of classic books for translation reflects the dialectic of the struggle of different tendencies, which objectively cannot contribute to the legitimization of neo-Thomism in the Ukrainian philosophical discourse. Especially significant in this regard was the translation of the book by the classic of Polish neo-Thomism Mieczysław Krąmpiec “Why Evil?”, because this monograph shows the contradiction of neo-Thomistic thought in the key issues about the possibility of person’s moral intuition, moral responsibility and dignity. The refusal of Krąmpiec to recognize the existence of a person’s spiritual-intellectual and moral-volitional intuitions, despite all the prerequisites for such recognition, is a faulre of this monograph and Krąmpiec is not able to answer the question stated in its title. All this justifies that in the time of Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis, moral theology and social doctrine moved to neo-Augustinianism, which recognizes that the person has spiritual-intellectual and moral-volitional intuitions.

translations translations

117. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Якоб Томазій
Jacobus Thomasius
Nucleus disputationis de plagio literario maxime theoreticus, thesibus paucis & brevibus comprehensus
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This is the first Ukrainian translation of J. Thomasius’ work “Nucleus disputationis de plagio literario maxime theoreticus, thesibus paucis & brevibus comprehensus” (1679). It is presented with the original Latin on one page, with the translation on the next.

translations: supplement translations: supplement

118. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Роман Кисельов Orcid-ID
Roman Kyselov
Commentary on Thomasius's "Philosophical Dissertation on Literary Plagiarism" (1673)
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Commentary on the first Ukrainian translation of Thomasius' work entitled "Nucleus disputationis de plagio literario maxime theoreticus, thesibus paucis & brevibus comprehensus" (1679), which is one of the Appendices to the famous "Philosophical Dissertation on Literary Plagiarism" (1673).

reviews reviews

119. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Андрій Богачов Orcid-ID
Andriy Bogachov
Heidegger and Phenomenology. Westerlund, F. (2020). Heidegger and the Problem of Phenomena. London: Bloomsbury.
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Review of Westerlund, F. (2020). Heidegger and the Problem of Phenomena. London: Bloomsbury.
120. Sententiae: Volume > 40 > Issue: 1
Ілля Давіденко Orcid-ID
Illia Davidenko
Trends in Modern Hegelean Studies. Bykova, M., Westphal, K., et al. (2020). The Palgrave Hegel Handbook. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
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Review of Bykova, M., Westphal, K., et al. (2020). The Palgrave Hegel Handbook. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.