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61. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Jacob Abell

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62. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Jerry Bergman

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63. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Gerald De Maio

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64. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Colin Chan Redemer

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65. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
David Grandy

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66. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Colleen Warren

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67. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Samuel Welbaum

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68. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Rod Miller

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69. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Daniel Topf

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70. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Monica D. Merutiu

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71. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Bradley Campbell

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72. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2
Mark T. Johnson

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73. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2

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74. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2

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75. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 33 > Issue: 1/2

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76. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 32 > Issue: 1/2
Oskar Gruenwald

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This essay explores the digital challenge, how to humanize technology, and the need to rethink the digital-human divide. This is imperative in view of superintelligent Al, which may escape human control. The information age poses quandaries regarding the uses and abuses of technology. A major critique concerns the commercial design of digital technologies that engenders compulsive behavior. All technologies affect humans in a reciprocal way. The new digital technologies-from smartphones to the Internet—where humans are tethered to machines, can impair our autonomy, hijack attention, rewire the brain, and diminish concentration, empathy, knowledge, and wisdom. The remedy is to restore deep reading, human interactions, personal conversations, real friendships, and respect for autonomy and privacy, building a nurturing culture of tolerance, coupled with transcendent norms and ideals worthy of a creature created in the image and likeness of God. This aspiration should be at the center of a new interdisciplinary field of inquiry—a phenomenology of communications.

77. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 32 > Issue: 1/2
Daniel Topf

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This essay explores recent developments surrounding the Fourth Industrial Revolution, particularly as they relate to the challenge of technological unemployment. In an age of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (Al), so warns the philosopher-historian Yuval Noah Harari, ordinary people may become unemployable, unable to contribute to society, and therefore be declared a “useless class.” In contrast to such a dystopian view, futurists like Ray Kurzweil and Nick Bostrom envision a digital utopia, while more realistic optimists emphasize that Al will ultimately create more jobs than it destroys. As an alternative to these perspectives, this essay proposes a Judeo- Christian approach that, independently of traditional frameworks of paid work, affirms the unique value and dignity of all human beings by highlighting the theological significance of human creativity, the balance between work and play, love as an overarching framework for life, and the role of human beings as ethical decision-makers.

78. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 32 > Issue: 1/2
Corine S. Sutherland

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With the varied learning formats found in education, one constant that has remained is keeping the students on an honest path regarding how they obtain their degrees. This essay probes how students have developed creative cheating styles to coincide with the advancement in technology. The core of the issue is student integrity, and one way to address it is on the very ground of the problem. Along with the creativity of technology and the ability to cheat, Isaac Asimov’s “Rules for Robots” may be rewritten as rules for humans. How machines are programmed is the equivalent of how students are educated, that instead of pursuing a grade unfairly through technology, students may be taught the positive points of the rules that Asimov developed, the outcome being not to use technology for selfish ends. Rather, the desired outcome is to educate students to value technology as the aid that it is for a properly earned grade.

79. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 32 > Issue: 1/2
Bruce N. Lundberg

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This essay explores ethical foundations for meeting the digital challenge via a case study of the work, life, and virtues of the greatest mathematician and natural scientist of the eighteenth century, Leonhard Euler. By biography and history one can learn of the gifts of human strength, practices, good will, dependence on others, and friendships which made possible Euler’s own astonishing corpus of work and that of many other scientists, mathematicians, engineers, and technologists. Digital technology results from a combination of science (demonstrable knowledge and method), technology, engineering, and art (forms and artifacts of making and expressing), and mathematics (abstract numerical, algebraic, geometrical, formal, and digital concepts, rules, representations, and logics). Joint reflection on the biographical, historical, and natural sources of mathematics and the digital is essential for any humanization or ascesis in response to the perils and promises of digital technology for human thriving. As ethics enable and embody an ethos, so technologies are means and manifestations of a telos. Thus, thought and action for thriving through the digital needs to contemplate and conciliate the ends of humans and of the digital.

80. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies: Volume > 32 > Issue: 1/2
Martin N. Yina

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The world is saturated with information and communication technologies that have changed the way people work and connect to one another. These technologies play a great role in people’s interactions, their pursuit of education, and certain careers in life. For some scholars in the developed world, the era of the digital revolution is over; it is now the post-digital era. However, fora developing country like Nigeria, though digitalization is seen as a necessity, there are still many challenges hindering its progress. Digital technologies are perceived as a double-edged sword with positive and negative impacts. Apart from the digital divide, some of these technologies have been abused or misused. Hence, part of the humanization process for Nigeria with its complex historical-cultural context would entail addressing the challenges surrounding these technologies, aspiring to reduce their capacity to dehumanize. More people need to have access to and be educated on how to better understand and wisely use such technologies. The process of dealing with these challenges must involve the partnership and collaboration of government agencies, academia, and civil societies.